Impacto de un programa de ejercicios en la aptitud física de las personas con esquizofrenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20873/abef.2595-0096v4n2p159171Palabras clave:
Esquizofrenia, Ejercicio fisico, Aptitud fisica, Antropometría, Desordenes mentalesResumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio piloto fue evaluar el impacto de un programa de entrenamiento funcional de 12 semanas sobre la condición física y las medidas antropométricas de individuos con esquizofrenia. Métodos: Once individuos con esquizofrenia (♂ = 9; ♀ = 2) viviendo en la comunidade, fueron divididos en un grupo experimental (n = 6, M = 39 ± 2 años) y un grupo control (n = 5, M = 43 ± 3 años). El grupo experimental fue sometido a un programa de entrenamiento funcional, dos veces a la semana. Los participantes realizaron una batería de evaluaciones de medidas antropométricas (peso, índice de masa corporal, circunferencias de cintura y cadera, relación cintura-cadera e porcentaje de masa grasa) y de aptitud física (EuroFit) al comienzo y al final de las 12 semanas de intervención. Resultados: La tasa de asistencia estuvo por encima del 70%. Se observaron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental, en), circunferencias de cintura (p = 0,02) y cadera (p = 0,05), porcentaje de masa grasa (p ≤ 0,01), equilibrio (p = 0,01) y fuerza abdominal (p = 0,03) y velocidad del miembro superior (p = 0,01) en el grupo experimental. Conclusión: A pesar del pequeño tamaño de la muestra, se encontró que un programa de ejercicio físico regular tiene un impacto positivo en las medidas antropométricas y la aptitud física en individuos con esquizofrenia. Los estudios futuros deben buscar subrayar y profundizar la importancia y los beneficios del ejercicio físico en esta población, creando y desarrollando estrategias y programas que promuevan la mejora de sus niveles de salud.
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