Fenómeno de abandono escolar en áreas de alta vulnerabilidad: resultados de un metaanálisis
Résumé
Fenómeno de abandono escolar em zonas de grande vulnerabilidade: resultados de uma meta-análise
O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma meta-análise realizada para compreender se e em que medida existem provas que demonstrem se os acontecimentos catastróficos têm influência nas taxas de abandono escolar ou nas abandono dos alunos. A investigação salienta que acontecimentos destrutivos como terramotos, furacões, inundações, etc., podem levar a perturbações no ambiente de aprendizagem, aumentando os níveis de stress e o risco de abandono escolar entre os alunos que residem em áreas afectadas e com baixos rendimentos. Foi demonstrado que o encerramento de escolas devido a catástrofes tem um efeito prejudicial no desempenho académico e no abandono escolar, tanto nas populações previamente em risco como nas populações já vulneráveis antes da catástrofe, o que levaria os alunos a terem maior probabilidade de abandonar a escola. No entanto, diferentes tipos de catástrofes, como os fenómenos geológicos e climáticos, podem ter impactos diferentes no abandono escolar, sendo que as catástrofes climáticas, como a seca, prejudicam, nalguns casos, significativamente a obtenção da educação em mais de 40% e aumentam o abandono escolar precoce, especialmente entre as mulheres jovens e os alunos mais fracos ou em risco. Estas conclusões sublinham a necessidade de intervenções adaptadas e de sistemas de apoio para atenuar os efeitos negativos das catástrofes naturais na educação dos estudantes.
Palavras-chave: abandono escolar, catástrofe natural, acontecimento catastrófico, zonas de grande vulnerabilidade, factores de risco.
Fenómeno de abandono escolar en áreas de alta vulnerabilidad: resultados de un metaanálisis
RESUMEN. El artículo presenta los resultados de un metaanálisis realizado para comprender si existe evidencia y en qué medida que muestra si los eventos catastróficos influyen en las tasas de deserción escolar o sobre el abandono escolar. Las investigaciones destacan que los eventos destructivos como terremotos, huracanes, inundaciones, etc., pueden provocar interrupciones en el entorno de aprendizaje, aumentar los niveles de estrés y el riesgo de abandono escolar entre los estudiantes que residen en áreas afectadas y de bajos ingresos. Se ha demostrado que el cierre de escuelas debido a desastres tiene un efecto perjudicial en el rendimiento académico y la deserción escolar, tanto en las personas que antes estaban en riesgo como en las poblaciones que ya eran vulnerables antes de un desastre, lo que haría que los estudiantes tuvieran más probabilidades de abandonar la escuela. Sin embargo, los diferentes tipos de desastres, como los fenómenos geológicos y climáticos, pueden tener diferentes repercusiones en la deserción escolar, ya que los desastres climáticos, como la sequía, obstaculizan, en algunos casos, significativamente el logro de la educación en más de un 40% y aumentan el abandono escolar prematuro. Especialmente entre las mujeres jóvenes y los estudiantes que están más débiles o en riesgo. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones y sistemas de apoyo adaptados para mitigar los efectos negativos de los desastres naturales en la educación de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: abandono escolar, distaster natural, evento catastrofático, áreas de alta vulnerabilidad, factores de riesgo.
Dropout phenomenon in areas of high vulnerability: results of a meta-analysis
ABSTRACT. The article presents the results of a meta-analysis conducted to understand if and to what extent there is evidence that shows whether catastrophic events have an influence on school dropout rates or student dropout rates. Research highlights that destructive events such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, etc., can lead to disruptions in the learning environment, increasing stress levels and the risk of dropping out among students residing in affected and low-income areas. School closures due to disasters have been shown to have a detrimental effect on academic performance and dropout, in those previously at risk and in those pre-disaster populations that are already vulnerable, which would cause students to be more likely to drop out of school. However, different types of disasters, such as geological and climatic events, can have different impacts on dropout, with climate disasters such as drought hindering, in some cases, significantly the attainment of education by more than 40% and increasing early school leaving, especially among young women and students who are weaker or at risk. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions and support systems to mitigate the negative effects of natural disasters on students' education.
Keywords: scholastic dropout, natural distaster, cathastrophic event, areas of high vulnerability, risk factors.
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