Winning Hearts and Minds Through a Policy Promoting the Agroecological Paradigm in Universities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e14754Abstract
ABSTRACT. Brazil stands out at the global level for having implemented several policies intending to promote agroecology as a productive paradigm for small-holder farmers. However, the impacts of this process of institutionalization of agroecology still lack research and debates that evaluate the effectiveness of these policies. In this paper, we assess and discuss the impacts of a policy specifically focused on education in agroecology, the support to the establishment of Centers for the Study of Agroecology and Organic Production (NEAs) in higher education institutions throughout Brazil. NEAs bring together teachers, researchers, and students who engage in teaching, research, and extension activities in partnerships with peasant farmers, their organizations, and rural extension workers. The hypothesis that guides our analysis is that this support to establish NEAs allowed redistribution of symbolic power in the universities where they were established, supporting agroecology to gain greater legitimacy inside and outside the university field. Based on an in-depth study of four NEAs, the NEAs are evaluated from the perspective of social fields in dispute. Our findings suggest that the State support to university groups dedicated to the promotion of agroecology has allowed the construction of what we have named agroecological spaces, which symbolically dispute the dominant paradigms in educational institutions, supporting the constitution of agroecological territories.
Downloads
Literaturhinweise
Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. I. (2020). Agroecology and the emergence of a post COVID-19 agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10043-7
Anderson, C. R., Maughan, C., & Pimbert, M. P. (2019). Transformative agroecology learning in Europe: building consciousness, skills and collective capacity for food sovereignty. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(3), 531–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9894-0
Bergamasco, S. M. P. P., Thomson, C. R., & Borsatto, R. S. (2017). Da extinção da Embrater à criação da Anater: os desafios da política de assistência técnica e extensão rural brasileira. In Delgado, G. C., & Bergamasco, S. M. P. P. (Eds.). Agricultura familiar brasileira: desafios e perspectivas de futuro (1st ed.). Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário.
Bezerra, L. P., Franco, F. S., Souza-Esquerdo, V. F., & Borsatto, R. (2019). Participatory construction in agroforestry systems in family farming: ways for the agroecological transition in Brazil. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 43(2), 180–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2018.1509167
Borsatto, R. S., Altieri, M. A., Duval, H. C., & Perez-Cassarino, J. (2020). Public procurement as strategy to foster organic transition: insights from the Brazilian experience. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 35(6), 688–696. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174217051900036X
Borsatto, R. S., & Carmo, M. S. do. (2012). Agroecologia e sua epistemologia. Interciencia, 37(9), 711–716.
Borsatto, R. S., & Carmo, M. S. do. (2013). A Agroecologia como um campo científico. Rev. Bras. de Agroecologia, 8(2), 4–13.
Bourdieu, P. (1988). Homo Academicus. Polity.
Bourdieu, P. (2004). Os usos sociais da ciência: por uma sociologia do campo científico. Editora UNESP.
Bourdieu, P. (2007). A economia das trocas simbólicas (6th ed.). Perspectiva.
Candiotto, L. Z. P. (2018). Organic products policy in Brazil. Land Use Policy, 71(December 2017), 422–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.014
Cardoso, I. M., Sousa, N. A. de, Aguiar, M. V. A., Damigo, L., & Amâncio, C. (2018). Núcleos de Agroecologia: tecendo redes de solidariedade, diversidade e resistência. Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia, 13(spec), 3–7.
Coca, E. L. F. (2016). 20 Anos Da Proposta De Soberania Alimentar: Construindo Um Regime Alimentar Alternativo. Revista NERA, 19, 14–33.
Da Costa, M. B. B., Souza, M., Júnior, V. M., Comin, J. J., & Lovato, P. E. (2017). Agroecology development in Brazil between 1970 and 2015. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 41(3–4), 276–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2017.1285382
DECLARATION OF NYÉLÉNI. (2007). https://nyeleni.org/spip.php?article290
Desmarais, A. A. (2008). The power of peasants: Reflections on the meanings of La Vía Campesina. Journal of Rural Studies, 24(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.12.002
Diesel, V., & Dias, M. M. (2016). The Brazilian experience with agroecological extension: a critical analysis of reform in a pluralistic extension system. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 22(5), 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2016.1227058
Doni Filho, L. (1995). História da Escola Agronômica do Paraná: 1918-1993. Editora da UFPR.
Duval, H. C. (2015). Bens e materiais simbólicos condição camponesa e estratégias familiares em assentamentos rurais na região central do Estado de São Paulo [Universidade Estadual de Campinas].
Ehlers, E. (1999). Agricultura sustentável: origens e perspectivas de um novo paradigma (2nd ed.). Agropecuária.
Evenson, R. E., & Gollin, D. (2003). Assessing the impact of the Green Revolution, 1960 to 2000. Science, 300, 758–762. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078710
Ferguson, B. G., Maya, M. A., Giraldo, O., Terán Giménez Cacho, M. M., Morales, H., & Rosset, P. (2019). Special issue editorial: What do we mean by agroecological scaling? Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 43(7–8), 722–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2019.1630908
Ferguson, B. G., Morales, H., Chung, K., & Nigh, R. (2019). Scaling out agroecology from the school garden: the importance of culture, food, and place. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 43(7–8), 724–743. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2019.1591565
Freire, P. (1983). Extensão ou comunicação? (8ª edição). São Paulo: Paz e Terra.
Giraldo, O. F., & McCune, N. (2019). Can the state take agroecology to scale? Public policy experiences in agroecological territorialization from Latin America. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 43(7–8), 785–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2019.1585402
Glaeser, B. (2010). The Green Revolution revisited: Critique and alternatives. In The Green Revolution Revisited: Critique and Alternatives. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203840443
Gliessman, S. R. (2020). Transforming food and agriculture systems with agroecology. Agriculture and Human Values. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10058-0
Holt-Giménez, E., & Altieri, M. A. (2013). Agroecology, food sovereignty, and the new green revolution. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2012.716388
IPES-Food. (2016). From uniformity to diversity: a paradigm shift from industrial agriculture to diversified agroecological systems. In International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food systems. https://doi.org/IPES-Food.
IPES-Food. (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, consolidation and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. In International Panel of experts on sustainable food systems. http://www.ipes-food.org/reports/
Kageyama, A. A. (1990). O novo padrão agrícola brasileiro: do complexo rural aos complexos agroindustriais. In Agricultura e políticas públicas (pp. 113–223). IPEA.
La Via Campesina. (2016). Annual Report 2016 (p. 57). La Via Campesina. https://viacampesina.org/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/07/EN-Annual_Report_2016.pdf
López-García, D., Calvet-Mir, L., Di Masso, M., & Espluga, J. (2019). Multi-actor networks and innovation niches: university training for local Agroecological Dynamization. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(3), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9863-7
McCune, N., & Sánchez, M. (2019). Teaching the territory: agroecological pedagogy and popular movements. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(3), 595–610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-018-9853-9
McMichael, P. (2009a). A food regime analysis of the “world food crisis.” Agriculture and Human Values, 26(4), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-009-9218-5
McMichael, P. (2009b). A food regime genealogy. Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1), 139–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150902820354
Méndez, V. E., Caswell, M., Gliessman, S. R., & Cohen, R. (2017). Integrating Agroecology and Participatory Action Research (PAR): Lessons from Central America. Sustainability, 9(5), 705. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050705
Nehring, R. (2016). Yield of dreams: Marching west and the politics of scientific knowledge in the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Geoforum, 77, 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.11.006
Nicholls, C. I., & Altieri, M. A. (2018). Pathways for the amplification of agroecology. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 42(10), 1170–1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2018.1499578
Niederle, P. A., Sabourin, E. P., Schmitt, C. J., De Ávila, M. L., Petersen, P. F., & De Assis, W. S. (2019). A trajetória brasileira de construção de políticas públicas para a agroecologia. Redes, 24(1), 270–291. https://doi.org/10.17058/redes.v24i1.13035
Otero, G., Pechlaner, G., & Gürcan, E. C. (2013). The political economy of “food security” and trade: Uneven and combined dependency. Rural Sociology, 78(3), 263–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12011
Patel, R. C. (2012). Food sovereignty: Power, gender, and the right to food. PLoS Medicine, 9(6), 2. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001223
Petersen, P., Mussoi, E. M., & dal Soglio, F. (2013). Institutionalization of the agroecological approach in Brazil: Advances and challenges. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2012.735632
Pingali, P. L. (2012). Green revolution: Impacts, limits, andthe path ahead. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 12302–12308. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912953109
Ribeiro, M. G. M. (2009). A USAID e o ensino agronômico brasileiro: o caso da Universidade Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais. Boletim Do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, 4(3), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222009000300007
Rosset, P. (2008). Food sovereignty and the contemporary food crisis. Development, 51(4), 460–463. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2008.48
Rosset, P. M., & Altieri, M. A. (2017). Agroecology: science and politics. Fernwood Publishing.
Rosset, P. M., & Martínez-Torres, M. E. (2012). Rural Social Movements and Agroecology: Context, Theory, and Process. Ecology and Society, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05000-170317
Rosset, P. M., Sosa, B. M., Jaime, A. M. R., & Lozano, D. R. Á. (2011). The Campesino-to-Campesino agroecology movement of ANAP in Cuba: Social process methodology in the construction of sustainable peasant agriculture and food sovereignty. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(1), 161–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2010.538584
Sabourin, E., Craviotti, C. & Milhorance, C. (2020). The Dismantling of Family Farming Policies in Brazil and Argentina. International Review of Public Policy, 2(1), 45-67. https://doi.org/10.4000/irpp.799
Sabourin, E., Patrouilleau, M. M., Coq, J. F. Le, Vasquez, L., & Niederle, P. (Eds.). (2017). Políticas públicas a favor de la agroecología em América Latina y El Caribe. Evangraf/Criação Humana, Rede PP-AL, FAO.
Sevilla Guzmán, E., & Soler Montiel, M. (2010). Agroecología y soberanía alimentaria: alternativas a la globalización agroalimentaria. PH Cuadernos, 190–217. http://www.iaph.es/web/canales/publicaciones/cuadernos/cuadernos-ph/contenido/Cuadernos/CuadernoXXVI
Silva, L. M. S., Sousa, R. da P., & Assis, W. S. (2017). A educação superior e a perspectiva agroecológica: avanços e limites dos Núcleos de Agroecologia das IES no Brasil. Redes, 22(2), 250–274. https://doi.org/10.17058/redes.v22i2.9429
Silva, M. A. M. (2008). Mortes e acidentes nas profundezas do “mar de cana” e dos laranjais paulistas. Interfacehs, 3(2), 1–31. www.interfacehs.sp.senac.br
Souza, L. M. (2013). O conceito de habitus e campo: princípios que sustentam o ethos docente da educação profissional agrícola. In Anais Do II Colóquio Nacional ‐ A Produção Do Conhecimento Em Educação Profissional, 1–11.
Souza, N. A., Ferreira, T., Cardoso, I. M., Oliveira, E. C. L., Amâncio, C., & Dornelas, R. S. (2017). Os núcleos de agroecologia: caminhos e desafios na indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. In RSambuichi, . H. R. (Ed.). A Política Nacional de Agroecologia e Produção Orgânica no Brasil (pp. 403–431). IPEA.
Stoffel, J., Rambo, A. G., & Eberhardt, P. L. (2020). Condições de acesso à linha do Pronaf Agroecologia no Território da Cantuquiriguaçu/PR. Redes, 25(2), 809–831. https://online.unisc.br/seer/index.php/redes/article/view/13602
Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2010). The peasantries of the twenty-first century: The commoditisation debate revisited. Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150903498721
Veröffentlicht
Zitationsvorschlag
Ausgabe
Rubrik
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2022 Ricardo Serra Borsatto, Vanilde Ferreira Souza-Esquerdo, Henrique Carmona Duval, Fernando Silveira Franco, Fabio Grigoletto
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International.
Creative Commons Attribution License
Creative Commons Attribution License
Proposal for Copyright Notice Creative Commons
1. Policy Proposal to Open Access Journals
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
A. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License that allows sharing the work with recognition of its initial publication in this journal.
B. Authors are able to take on additional contracts separately, non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (ex .: publish in institutional repository or as a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
C. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (eg .: in institutional repositories or on their website) at any point before or during the editorial process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as increase the impact and the citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access).