Da organização camponesa a irrupção indígena zapatista em Chiapas, México: Um aprendizado político para o pluralismo cultural

Resumen

ABSTRACT. Indigenous people from Mexico get, gradually, in an organizational process which involved political self-learning within the epistemological perspective of cultural diversity. In a first phase, this organizational effort was marked by dependence and subordination to the State and their indigenous theory. Afterwards, independent indigenous organizations were established to strive for the regularization of the land bias, the denunciation of indigenous misery and respect their human rights. In the early nineties, the indigenous fight acquired a qualitative dimension: it demanded communal and municipal autonomy by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation to access to a new State view centered in a multiethnic reality of the nation. It meant moving to a multiethnic State that recognized the political, legal and cultural plurality of the country.  Definitely, this development contributed to a political self-learning for indigenous people since cultural pluralism, which derived a militant movement that keeps latent nowadays in the Southeast of the country, due to the State close-mindedness.